Obesity

6 min reading time Last Update Date: 12.06.2023
The treatment content titled Obesity has been written by Doktorumsun and has been reviewed and approved by Dyt. Dilara DEMİRCİ (Nutritionist).

What is Obesity and Why Does It Occur?

Information on Definition of Obesity, Indices and Body Mass Index (BMI)

  • Obesity is a condition that can cause health problems as a result of excessive fat accumulation in the body.
  • Body mass index (BMI) is a measure that evaluates a person's weight relative to their height.
  • A common formula used to calculate BMI is: BMI = weight (kg) / height squared (m^2)
  • The classification of obesity according to BMI value is as follows:
    BMI Value Obesity Classification
    18.5 or less Weak
    18.5 - 24.9 Normal weight
    25 - 29.9 Overweight
    30 - 34.9 Obesity (Type 1)
    35 - 39.9 Obesity (Type 2)
    40 or higher Extreme obesity

Factors Causing Obesity: Nutritional Habits, Physical Activity Level, Genetic Factors, Hormonal Imbalances and Psychological Factors

  • Nutrition habits: Excessive consumption of high-calorie, fatty and sugary foods increases the risk of obesity.
  • Physical activity level: Insufficient physical activity and sedentary lifestyle can cause obesity.
  • Genetic factors: Genetic predisposition may increase the risk of obesity.
  • Hormonal imbalances: Irregular functioning of some hormones can contribute to obesity.
  • Psychological factors: Factors such as stress, emotional eating and depression can affect obesity.

The Effects of Obesity on Health

Negative Effects of Obesity on Physical Health

  • Heart diseases: Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
  • Diabetes: Obesity increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
  • High blood pressure: Obesity increases the risk of developing hypertension (high blood pressure).
  • Joint problems: Obesity can affect joint health, leading to joint problems such as osteoarthritis.
  • Sleep apnea: Obesity can cause respiratory problems such as sleep apnea.

Psychological Effects of Obesity

  • Self-esteem problems: Obesity can negatively affect self-esteem and reduce one's self-confidence.
  • Depression: Obesity can increase the risk of depression.
  • Anxiety: Obesity can increase the level of anxiety.
  • Social isolation: Obesity can lead to social withdrawal and isolation.

Nutrition Approaches in the Treatment of Obesity

Balanced Nutrition Principles

  • Diversity: Ensuring adequate consumption of different food groups.
  • Balance: Getting the right proportions of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
  • Moderation: Controlling portions and avoiding overeating.
  • Healthy foods: Choosing foods rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber.
  • Water consumption: Drinking enough water to meet the body's water needs.

Portion Control and Calorie Calculation

Portion control is important for consuming the right amounts of food. Calorie calculator, on the other hand, can be used to monitor your daily calorie intake. Here are the approximate calorie values of some common foods:

Food Average Calories
White bread (1 slice) 70 calories
Chicken breast (100 grams) 165 calories
Rice (1 cup) 200 calories
Apple (1 pc) 80 calories

Healthy Snack Options and Nutritional Values

Healthy snacks are important in obesity treatment. Here are some healthy snack options and nutritional values:

Snack Nutritional Values
Carrot slices (1/2 cup) 25 calories, 2 grams of fiber
Yogurt (1 bowl) 150 calories, 8 grams of protein
Nuts (10 pieces) 100 calories, 2 grams fiber, 4 grams protein
Banana (1 pc) 120 calories, 3 grams of fiber

Exercise and Physical Activity in the Treatment of Obesity

The Role and Benefits of Exercise in the Treatment of Obesity

Exercise plays an important role in the treatment of obesity and has many benefits. Here are some of the benefits of exercise in the treatment of obesity:

  • Burning calories: It helps to burn excess calories accumulated in the body through exercise.
  • Increasing the metabolic rate: Regular exercise accelerates the metabolism, allowing more calories to be burned.
  • Increasing muscle mass: Muscle mass can be increased with resistance training, which increases energy expenditure.
  • Improving heart health: Cardio exercises strengthen heart health and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
  • Reduce stress: Exercise increases the release of endorphins, reducing stress and improving overall mood.

Creating an Appropriate Exercise Program

Creating an appropriate exercise program is important in the treatment of obesity. Here are the different types of exercises and work areas:

Exercise Type Workspace
Cardio exercises Heart and respiratory system
Resistance training Muscle mass and strength
Flexibility studies Muscle flexibility and range of motion

Increase in Daily Activities and Encourage Movement

In the treatment of obesity, it is important not only to exercise, but also to increase in daily activities. Encouraging movement and adopting an active lifestyle can help control obesity.

Lifestyle Changes and Supportive Treatments

Stress Management and Sleep Pattern

Stress management and a regular sleep pattern play an important role in the treatment of obesity. Here are suggestions for stress management and sleep regulation:

  • Stress management techniques: You can apply techniques that help reduce stress, such as meditation, deep breathing, and yoga.
  • Regulation of sleep habits: Try to get enough sleep time (usually 7-9 hours) each night and create a comfortable sleeping environment to improve sleep quality.

The Importance of Behavioral Therapy and Support Groups

Behavioral therapy and support groups provide important support in the treatment of obesity. Here is information on the importance of behavioral therapy and support groups:

  • Behavioral therapy: It is a therapy method that targets behavior change and lifestyle change. It helps the individual cope with obesity by providing motivation and strategies.
  • Support groups: Provide experience sharing, support and motivation among people struggling with obesity. These groups give individuals morale and strength.

Medical Support and Surgical Interventions When Necessary

In some cases, medical support or surgical interventions may be required in the treatment of obesity. Here is information about these treatment options:

Treatment Option Description
Medical support Can provide medical support before obesity medications, weight loss medications and metabolic surgery.
Surgical interventions Obesity surgery are surgical procedures performed to promote weight loss in overweight or obese individuals.

Which Department of the Hospital should make an appointment for obesity treatment?

To make an appointment for obesity treatment, you usually need to make an appointment from the "Endocrinology" or "Metabolism" departments. Endocrinologists or metabolism specialists specializing in these departments specialize in obesity treatment and can make the necessary evaluations to determine the treatment plan that is right for you. You can get information by calling the appointment center of local hospitals or the relevant departments to make an appointment.

References

  • World Health Organization (WHO) - Obesity and overweight - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
  • American Obesity Association (The Obesity Society): https://www.obesity.org/
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) - obesity treatment- https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/obesity-treatment
  • WebMD - Obesity - https://www.webmd.com/diet/obesity/default.htm
  • Mayo Clinic - Obesity - https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obesity/symptoms-causes/syc-20375742
Note: The page content is for informational purposes only. Please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Doctors Relevant for Obesity

Prof. Dr. İlker SÜCÜLLÜ
Pendik/İstanbul
Dyt. Selin SÖZ
Kadıköy/İstanbul
Op. Dr. Mehmet Durmuş KURT
Pendik/İstanbul
Op. Dr. Mustafa Sıtkı YÜKSEL
Sultangazi/İstanbul
Op. Dr. Salim BALİN
Ataşehir/İstanbul
Dyt. Dilara DEMİRCİ
Bakırköy/İstanbul
Op. Dr. Turgay YILDIZ
Gaziosmanpaşa/İstanbul
Prof. Dr. Hüseyin SİNAN
Kadıköy/İstanbul
Prof. Dr. Ahmet Ziya BALTA
Ataşehir/İstanbul
Dyt. Burak ALİFAKİ
Şişli/İstanbul
Op. Dr. Bekir YILDIZ
Bakırköy/İstanbul
Op. Dr. Abdurrahman AKAY
Melikgazi/Kayseri

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