What is Painful Menstrual Period and Why Does It Occur?
A painful menstrual period is a condition characterized by the uncomfortable symptoms that many women experience. This condition, also called menstrual pain or dysmenorrhea, usually starts in the first days of menstruation and can last for 1-2 days. A painful menstrual period can manifest itself with symptoms such as cramping pain in the lower abdomen, backache, headache, nausea, vomiting and even diarrhea. These pains occur as a result of the contraction of the muscles in the uterus. The endometrium, the lining of the uterus, prepares to accept an unfertilized egg each month and thickens. If fertilization does not occur, the uterus begins to shed this layer, causing menstrual bleeding. The uterine muscles contract during this expulsion process, causing the endometrium to shed. The intensity and duration of these contractions may vary from person to person.
Painful menstrual period usually begins in adolescence and can continue until the late 20s. However, some women may experience painful menstrual periods until old age. The severity of pain may vary depending on factors such as the regularity of the menstrual cycle and hormone levels.
The exact cause of the painful menstrual period is not known for certain. However, some studies show that chemical compounds called prostaglandins have a pain-inducing effect. Prostaglandins can increase the contraction of the uterine muscles and increase inflammation. In addition, conditions such as abnormal structures in the uterus, infections, and endometriosis can be counted among the causes of painful menstrual periods.
Treatment Methods for Painful Menstrual Period
Various treatment methods are available for women experiencing painful menstrual periods. The choice of treatment method is determined by the severity of the symptoms, the age of the woman and her general health. Painful menstrual periods treatment methods may include:
| Treatment Methods | Description |
|---|---|
| Pain Relievers | Over-the-counter pain relievers can be used for women experiencing mild to moderate pain. Medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen can reduce uterine contractions and alleviate pain. |
| Birth Control Pills | Hormonal birth control methods can regulate the menstrual cycle and prevent painful periods. Birth control pills containing estrogen and progesterone or methods like hormonal IUDs can thin the uterine lining and reduce uterine contractions, thus relieving pain. |
| Heat Application | Applying a heating pad or warm towel to the abdominal area can help relax the muscles and reduce pain. |
| Exercise and Relaxation Techniques | Engaging in regular exercise can increase the release of endorphins and alleviate pain. Additionally, relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing can reduce stress and relieve menstrual pain. |
| Acupuncture | Acupuncture is a method used to balance energy flow in the body. Some women have reported that acupuncture sessions can be effective in reducing symptoms of painful periods. |
How to Prevent Painful Menstrual Period?
You can follow these steps to prevent painful menstrual period:
- 1. Regular Exercise: Exercising regularly can relieve menstrual pain. Activities such as aerobic exercises, swimming, walking or yoga can reduce uterine contractions.
- 2. Healthy Diet: A balanced diet can alleviate menstrual symptoms. It may be beneficial to consume foods with anti-inflammatory properties, such as ginger, green leafy vegetables, fish, and foods containing omega-3 fatty acids.
- 3. Stress Management: Stress can increase menstrual pain. By using stress management techniques, you can reduce your stress level. Methods such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, massage or aromatherapy can be used.
- 4. Hot Application: Applying a hot water bag or a hot towel to the abdomen when the menstrual period starts can relax the muscles and relieve pain.
When Should You Go to the Doctor?
While a painful menstrual period is normal for most women, it is important to see a doctor in some cases. It is recommended to consult a healthcare professional in the following situations:
- 1. Severe Pain: It is important to go to the doctor if you have difficulty in carrying out your daily activities due to the painful menstrual period and even painkillers cannot provide relief.
- 2. Abnormal Bleeding: If you have bleeding outside of your menstrual period, excessive bleeding, or irregular bleeding, you should consult a healthcare professional.
- 3. Change in the severity of symptoms: If you notice a sudden change in your symptoms that were previously tolerable, you should consult a doctor.
- 4. Medication Ineffectiveness: If prescription or over-the-counter pain relievers do not relieve symptoms, it is important to see a doctor.
- 5. Other Health Issues: If you experience painful menstrual periods and other health problems such as intense pelvic pain, fever, dizziness, vomiting or diarrhea, you should seek medical attention immediately.
Which Department of the Hospital should make an appointment for the Treatment of Painful Menstruation?
A patient with painful menstruation should usually make an appointment for an examination in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. This division includes doctors who specialize in women's health, reproductive system and gynecological disorders. Painful menstruation is a condition experienced by many women, and there are treatment options.
- Gynecology and Obstetrics: Gynecologists are specialist doctors who deal with the reproductive system and gynecological health of women. Patients with painful menstruation can consult a gynecologist to evaluate their condition and discuss appropriate treatment options. Gynecologists may use a variety of approaches to treat painful menstruation, such as medication, hormonal therapy, surgery, or alternative treatment methods.
A patient suffering from painful menstruation should make an appointment with a gynecologist who can assess their symptoms and condition. The specialist doctor will conduct a detailed examination, order the necessary tests and determine the appropriate treatment plan.