Definition and Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
General Description and Common Types of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually transmitted diseases (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) are infections transmitted from person to person through sexual contact. These diseases are usually caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. Some common types of STDs include:
- HIV/AIDS
- Syphilis
- Gonorrhea
- chlamydia
- Herpes
- HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
Causative Microorganisms of Diseases, Modes of Transmission and Symptoms
HIV/AIDS
Causative Microorganism: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Transmission Routes: Sexual contact, blood transfusion, shared needles, mother-to-baby transmission
Symptoms: Flu-like symptoms in the first stage, immune system disorder and susceptibility to infections in the later period
Syphilis
Causative Microorganism: Treponema pallidum (bacteria)
Transmission Routes: Sexual contact
Symptoms: Painless wound called chancre, rash on the body, fever, headache, muscle aches
The Effects of Sexually Transmitted Diseases on Community Health and Prevalence Rates
Sexually Transmitted Diseases have serious effects on public health. The prevalence rates of common sexually transmitted diseases may differ from country to country. For example:
| Type of Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Prevalence Rate (Example) |
|---|---|
| HIV/AIDS | 2.1% (Worldwide) |
| Syphilis | 8.7/100,000 (in the US) |
| Gonorrhea | 78/100,000 (in Canada) |
These data are provided as examples only and actual prevalence rates may vary from country to country and from year to year.
Diagnosis and Tests of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Tests Used for Correct Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Various tests are applied for the correct diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases. Among them:
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- Vaginal culture
- Smear test
Diagnostic Methods and Application of Tests
Blood Tests
Blood tests are used for some of the Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Blood tests are used to detect the presence of infection or the presence of antibodies. For example, blood tests such as the antibody test for HIV and the RPR test for syphilis can be done.
Urine Tests
Urine tests are available for certain STDs. These tests are used to detect the presence of infection or the presence of microorganisms. For example, urine tests can be done for gonorrhea and chlamydia.
Vaginal Culture
Vaginal culture is used in the diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Diseases such as fungal infections and bacterial vaginosis, especially in women. The culture is sampled from the vaginal secretion and sent to the laboratory for growth and identification of microorganisms.
Smear Test
Smear test is used for early detection of HPV infections in women. During this test, cell samples are taken from the cervix and examined for laboratory analysis.
Interpretation of Test Results and Diagnosis Process
The interpretation of test results and the diagnostic process are done by a specialist. Test results indicate the presence or absence of a particular STD. If there is a positive result, the treatment process is started and the client is directed to the appropriate treatment. A negative result indicates that the disease does not exist, but can be misleading in some cases. Therefore, if symptoms persist or if there is any doubt, additional testing or counseling may be required.
Treatment Options for Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Antibiotic Treatment, Antiviral Drugs and Antifungal Drugs
Different methods and drugs are used in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. Among them:
- Antibiotic therapy: Used to treat bacterial infections. For example, antibiotics can be effective in the treatment of diseases such as syphilis and gonorrhea.
- Antiviral drugs: Used to treat viral infections. For example, antiviral drugs can be used to treat diseases such as HIV and herpes.
- Antifungal drugs: Used to treat fungal infections. For example, antifungal medications can be used to treat a vaginal yeast infection in a woman with a yeast infection.
Treatment Duration, Dosage and Drug Interactions
The treatment duration, dosage and drug interactions of STDs may vary depending on the type and severity of the disease and the health status of the person. It is important that you follow the treatment plan set by your doctor. Medicines should be used regularly and fully. In addition, attention should be paid to potential interactions with other drugs used and your doctor should be consulted.
Partner Treatment and Prevention of Recurrence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
In order to effectively treat sexually transmitted diseases, it is important to prevent the spread of the disease between partners. Therefore:
- Partner treatment: The partner or partners of the person being treated should also be treated appropriately. This helps prevent the spread and recurrence of the disease.
- Condom use: Using a condom during sexual intercourse is an effective method to prevent the spread of STDs.
- Vaccinations: Vaccines are available for some STDs. For example, the HPV vaccine is used to prevent HPV infections that cause cervical cancer.
- Regular testing: It is important to have regular testing for early detection of STDs. Thus, treatment can be started early and the spread of the disease can be prevented.
Sexual Health and Protection Measures
Importance of Sexual Health, Sex Education and Prevention Methods
Sexual health is important for individuals to continue their sexual lives in a healthy and safe way. The following measures can be taken to protect sexual health and prevent the spread of STDs:
- Sex education: Getting correct and reliable sexual education helps to understand healthy sexual relations and contraception methods.
- Condom use: Using a condom during sexual intercourse is an effective method of prevention in preventing the spread of Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
- Vaccinations: Vaccines are available to prevent some STDs. For example, the HPV vaccine is used to prevent HPV infections that cause cervical cancer.
- Regular screening and follow-up processes: It is important to have regular STD screenings for early diagnosis and treatment.
Risk Reduction Strategies for Protection from Sexually Transmitted Diseases
The following risk reduction strategies can be implemented to prevent the spread of STDs:
| Risk Mitigation Strategies | Description |
|---|---|
| Regular tests | It is important to get tested regularly for early detection of STDs. |
| Common vaccinations | Immunization of spouses and sexual partners can be effective in preventing the spread of STDs. |
| Reducing the number of relationships | Having fewer sexual partners can reduce the risk of STDs. |
| Regular condom use | Using a condom during sexual intercourse is an effective method to prevent the spread of STDs. |
Which Department Requires Appointment for Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
Below are some sections you can refer to for the treatment and diagnosis of STDs:Dermatology
It deals with skin and genital infections. It can be applied especially for the diagnosis and treatment of infections occurring in the genital area.
Infectious Diseases
This is the section that deals with viral, bacterial or parasitic infections. Infectious diseases doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases can be consulted.
Urology
This is the section that deals with the reproductive system and urinary tract in men. Urologists who specialize in the effects and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in men can be consulted.
Gynecology and Obstetrics
This is the department that deals with the female reproductive system and sexual health. This section can be consulted for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of sexually transmitted diseases in women.
Genitourinary Medicine
It is a department that specializes in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of sexually transmitted diseases. This section covers sexually transmitted diseases as well as other issues related to sexual health.
The departments served by each hospital may differ. For this reason, it is recommended to contact the relevant hospital to get more detailed information about the health services and areas of expertise of a hospital.